1-1D · 阅读 Reading

A Matter of Perspective: Identifying Bias视角的差异：识别偏见

新闻并非纯粹的事实——记者选什么、突出什么、淡化什么，都在悄悄塑造你的看法。News is never just plain fact—what reporters choose, emphasize, or downplay quietly shapes the way you see the world.

阅读约 12 分钟~12 min read 4 个练习4 exercises 3 条达标标准3 success criteria

学习目标 · Learning Goals

  • 1
    Evaluate the effectiveness of a media text's intended purpose.
    评估媒体文本是否有效地达成了其预设目的。
  • 2
    Analyze media texts and identify the strategies used to influence people.
    分析媒体文本，识别其中用来影响受众的手法。
核心概念Core Concept

Bias and Prejudice in the News 新闻中的偏见与成见

线索 · 先弄清两个词：偏见看重哪边、成见预先判定——新闻可能两者都藏在播报里。Cue · Start with two words: bias leans one way, prejudice pre-judges—and news can hide both in how it is delivered.
EN

Think about the meaning of the words “biasbias 偏见 / 倾向：在呈现信息时偏向某一方、缺乏中立的倾向。” and “prejudiceprejudice 成见：未经充分了解或证据就预先形成的判断。” and consider how it may be found in how the announcer presents the news. What information is emphasized? What information is understated?

中文

想一想“偏见 (bias)”和“成见 (prejudice)”这两个词的含义，并思考它们如何体现在播报员呈现新闻的方式中。哪些信息被强调了？哪些信息被淡化了？

同样一条新闻，记者可以通过用词、语气、镜头取舍来引导你站到某一边。识别偏见的第一步，就是留意“说了什么”之外的“怎么说”。

讲解：“bias”强调倾向性（偏向某一方），“prejudice”强调未经验证就下的判断。两者常一起出现，但不完全相同。Note: “Bias” stresses a leaning toward one side, while “prejudice” stresses a judgment made before the facts are in. They often appear together but are not the same.
信息茧房The Bubble

MediaOcracy: Living in Our Bubbles 媒介统治：活在各自的“泡泡”里

线索 · 奥巴马的警告：我们越来越只听符合自己观点的信息，而不是用证据来形成观点。Cue · Obama's warning: we increasingly accept only information that fits our opinions, instead of forming opinions from the evidence.
EN

During his farewell address in Chicago, former US president Barack Obama stated, “Increasingly we become so secure in our bubbles that we start accepting only information ... that fits our opinions, instead of basing our opinions on the evidence that is out there.” He was speaking about biased news.

In what ways can the news media show bias? Examine how news selectionnews selection 新闻筛选：媒体决定报道哪些事件、忽略哪些事件的取舍过程。 amplifies one’s political views and how media organizations decide to cover stories by watching the following video to understand how biased texts influence reader perceptionperception 认知 / 看法：人对事物的理解和判断方式。.

视频《MediaOcracy》预览图——点击观看，了解媒体如何放大立场。
视频《MediaOcracy》预览图——点击观看，了解媒体如何放大立场。
中文

美国前总统巴拉克·奥巴马在芝加哥发表告别演说时说：“我们越来越安于自己的泡泡之中，以至于开始只接受……那些符合我们既有观点的信息，而不是基于现有的证据去形成观点。”他谈的正是有偏见的新闻。

新闻媒体可以通过哪些方式表现出偏见？观看下面的视频，了解“新闻筛选”如何放大一个人的政治立场，以及媒体机构如何决定报道哪些事件，从而理解带偏见的文本如何影响读者的认知。

讲解：“bubble”（信息泡泡 / 信息茧房）指人只接触与自己立场一致的信息源，久而久之视野被困在“泡泡”里。Note: A “bubble” (information bubble) refers to surrounding yourself only with sources that match your own views, until your perspective is trapped inside it.
《MediaOcracy — We the Voters》：看新闻筛选如何放大政治立场、塑造读者认知。
反思讨论Reflect

Questions After Watching 观看后的思考问题

线索 · 把镜头转向自己：你常听的那个媒体源，正在如何塑造你的判断？Cue · Turn the lens on yourself: how is the source you rely on shaping your judgment?
EN

Consider the following questions once you have finished watching the video “MediaOcracy”:

  • Do you tend to listen to one media source? How does that affect your understanding of the events being covered?
  • What implied biasimplied bias 隐含偏见：未明说、但通过措辞或取舍暗中流露出来的倾向。 can you find in media sources you often listen to?
中文

看完视频《MediaOcracy》后，思考以下问题：

  • 你是否倾向于只听某一个媒体源？这会如何影响你对所报道事件的理解？
  • 在你常听的媒体源里，你能发现哪些隐含的偏见 (implied bias)？

试着举出一个具体例子：某条新闻里哪个词、哪个画面、哪段被略去的信息，暴露了它的立场。

总结 / Summary

识别偏见，从“怎么说”读出“想让你怎么想”。Spotting bias means reading the intent hidden in how something is said.

1

偏见 (bias) 是倾向某一方，成见 (prejudice) 是未经证据就下判断；两者都可能藏在播报方式里。Bias leans toward one side; prejudice judges before the evidence is in—both can hide in how the news is delivered.

2

留意新闻强调了什么、淡化了什么——取舍本身就是一种立场。Notice what a story emphasizes and what it understates—the choice itself is a stance.

3

信息茧房 (bubble) 让人只接触认同自己的信息，削弱独立判断。An information bubble exposes you only to views you already hold, weakening independent judgment.

4

媒体通过新闻筛选 (news selection) 决定报道什么，从而影响读者认知 (perception)。Media shape reader perception through news selection—deciding which stories get told.

知识点清单 · Knowledge Points

biasprejudicebubblenews selectionimplied biasperception
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随堂练习Exercises

先自己作答，再展开参考答案核对。Answer first, then reveal to check.

练习 1Q1选择题 · Multiple Choice

下列哪一项最准确地区分了 “bias” 与 “prejudice”？Which option most accurately distinguishes “bias” from “prejudice”?

bias 强调“偏向某一方”的倾向性，prejudice 强调“未经验证就下判断”。两者常同时出现但含义不同，且都可能带主观色彩。Bias stresses a leaning toward one side, while prejudice stresses judging before verification. They often co-occur but mean different things, and both are subjective.
练习 2Q2选择题 · Multiple Choice

根据奥巴马在告别演说中的话，“活在泡泡里 (in our bubbles)”指的是什么？According to Obama's farewell address, what does living “in our bubbles” mean?

奥巴马警告人们越来越安于自己的“泡泡”，只接受符合既有观点的信息，而非基于现有证据形成观点——这正是信息茧房的危险。Obama warned that people grow too comfortable in their “bubbles,” accepting only information that fits their opinions rather than forming opinions from the available evidence—the danger of the information bubble.
练习 3Q3简答题 · Short Answer

用你自己的话解释：媒体的“新闻筛选 (news selection)”如何在不说谎的情况下也能制造偏见？In your own words, explain how a media outlet's “news selection” can create bias even without telling any lies.

参考答案

即使每条报道都属实，媒体仍可通过选择报道什么、忽略什么来制造偏见。例如反复报道某一方的负面事件、却对另一方的同类事件保持沉默，就会让读者形成片面印象。取舍本身就是一种立场——被强调的显得重要，被略去的仿佛不存在。

Even if every story is factually true, a media outlet can create bias by choosing what to cover and what to ignore. For example, repeatedly reporting one side's negative events while staying silent about similar events on the other side leaves readers with a one-sided impression. The choice itself is a stance—what is emphasized seems important, while what is left out seems not to exist.

练习 4Q4写作题 · Writing

从你常看的一个媒体源（新闻 App、视频频道、社交媒体账号等）举一个具体例子，分析其中一处隐含偏见：是哪个用词、画面或被略去的信息暴露了它的立场？Pick a specific example from a media source you often follow (a news app, video channel, social media account, etc.) and analyze one instance of implied bias: which word choice, image, or omitted information reveals its stance?

参考示例

示例： 某新闻 App 在报道一场抗议时，标题用了“暴乱者冲击街道”而非“抗议者走上街头”。“暴乱者”一词暗示参与者是危险、违法的群体，立刻把读者的同情引向另一方。

分析： 这里没有任何虚假事实，但仅凭一个词的选择就完成了立场引导——这就是隐含偏见。如果再配上只拍摄混乱场面、却不展示和平诉求的画面，偏见会被进一步放大。

（你的答案应：① 指出具体媒体源；② 锁定一处用词/画面/省略；③ 说明它把读者引向哪一边。）

Example: When covering a protest, a news app's headline read “rioters storm the streets” instead of “protesters take to the streets.” The word “rioters” implies the participants are dangerous and unlawful, instantly steering reader sympathy to the other side.

Analysis: No false fact is stated, yet a single word choice does the work of steering opinion—this is implied bias. If the footage shows only chaotic scenes and omits the peaceful demands, the bias is amplified further.

(Your answer should: (1) name a specific source; (2) pinpoint one word choice/image/omission; (3) explain which side it steers the reader toward.)

✓

达标标准Success Criteria

进入下一节之前，确认你已掌握以下各点。Before moving on, confirm you can do each of the following.

Self-check

勾选你已经做到的项目，进度会自动保存。Tick what you can do; progress saves automatically.